{ "schemaVersion": 1, "contentVersion": "2026.09", "updatedAt": "2026-09-05", "watchGroups": [ { "id": "milk", "title": "Milk", "titleZh": "牛奶", "detail": "Highlights common milk and dairy label terms.", "detailZh": "标记常见牛奶及乳制品配料名称。", "symbol": "drop.fill", "terms": [ "milk", "dairy", "casein", "caseinate", "whey", "lactose", "butter", "cream", "cheese", "牛奶", "乳粉", "奶粉", "乳清", "酪蛋白", "黄油", "奶油" ] }, { "id": "eggs", "title": "Eggs", "titleZh": "鸡蛋", "detail": "Highlights egg and albumen terms.", "detailZh": "标记鸡蛋、蛋白等配料名称。", "symbol": "oval.fill", "terms": [ "egg", "eggs", "albumen", "ovalbumin", "mayonnaise", "鸡蛋", "蛋白", "蛋黄", "卵清蛋白" ] }, { "id": "peanuts", "title": "Peanuts", "titleZh": "花生", "detail": "Highlights peanut and groundnut terms.", "detailZh": "标记花生及其常见别名。", "symbol": "capsule.fill", "terms": [ "peanut", "peanuts", "groundnut", "arachis", "花生", "花生仁", "花生酱" ] }, { "id": "tree-nuts", "title": "Tree nuts", "titleZh": "树坚果", "detail": "Highlights common tree nuts and nut pastes.", "detailZh": "标记常见树坚果及坚果酱。", "symbol": "leaf.fill", "terms": [ "almond", "hazelnut", "walnut", "cashew", "pistachio", "pecan", "macadamia", "brazil nut", "pine nut", "杏仁", "扁桃仁", "榛子", "核桃", "腰果", "开心果", "碧根果", "夏威夷果", "松子" ] }, { "id": "soy", "title": "Soy", "titleZh": "大豆", "detail": "Highlights soybeans, soy protein, and soy derivatives.", "detailZh": "标记大豆、大豆蛋白及其衍生配料。", "symbol": "circle.hexagongrid.fill", "terms": [ "soy", "soya", "soybean", "soybeans", "tofu", "edamame", "大豆", "黄豆", "豆腐", "大豆蛋白", "大豆卵磷脂" ] }, { "id": "wheat-gluten", "title": "Wheat and gluten", "titleZh": "小麦与麸质", "detail": "Highlights wheat and common gluten-containing grains.", "detailZh": "标记小麦及常见含麸质谷物。", "symbol": "laurel.leading", "terms": [ "wheat", "gluten", "barley", "rye", "spelt", "malt", "semolina", "小麦", "麸质", "面筋", "大麦", "黑麦", "麦芽" ] }, { "id": "fish-shellfish", "title": "Fish and shellfish", "titleZh": "鱼类与甲壳类", "detail": "Highlights common fish, crustacean, and mollusk terms.", "detailZh": "标记常见鱼类、甲壳类和软体动物名称。", "symbol": "fish.fill", "terms": [ "fish", "anchovy", "tuna", "salmon", "cod", "shrimp", "prawn", "crab", "lobster", "shellfish", "mollusc", "oyster", "clam", "鱼", "鳀鱼", "金枪鱼", "三文鱼", "鳕鱼", "虾", "蟹", "龙虾", "贝类", "牡蛎" ] }, { "id": "sesame", "title": "Sesame", "titleZh": "芝麻", "detail": "Highlights sesame seeds, oil, and tahini.", "detailZh": "标记芝麻、芝麻油及芝麻酱。", "symbol": "circle.grid.3x3.fill", "terms": [ "sesame", "tahini", "benne", "芝麻", "芝麻油", "芝麻酱" ] }, { "id": "sulfites", "title": "Sulfites", "titleZh": "亚硫酸盐", "detail": "Highlights common sulfite preservative terms.", "detailZh": "标记常见亚硫酸盐防腐剂名称。", "symbol": "exclamationmark.triangle.fill", "terms": [ "sulfite", "sulphite", "sulfur dioxide", "sulphur dioxide", "sodium metabisulfite", "potassium metabisulfite", "e220", "e221", "e222", "e223", "e224", "e225", "e226", "e227", "e228", "亚硫酸", "二氧化硫", "焦亚硫酸" ] } ], "ingredientNotes": [ { "id": "citric-acid", "names": [ "citric acid", "e330", "柠檬酸" ], "title": "Citric acid (E330)", "titleZh": "柠檬酸（E330）", "summary": "An acid naturally present in citrus fruits and widely used to control acidity or preserve flavor.", "summaryZh": "天然存在于柑橘类水果中，常用于调节酸度或帮助保持风味。", "category": "acidity regulator", "sourceName": "U.S. FDA Food Substances", "sourceURL": "https://www.fda.gov/food/food-additives-petitions/food-additive-status-list" }, { "id": "ascorbic-acid", "names": [ "ascorbic acid", "vitamin c", "e300", "抗坏血酸", "维生素c" ], "title": "Ascorbic acid (vitamin C)", "titleZh": "抗坏血酸（维生素 C）", "summary": "Vitamin C. In packaged foods it can also be used as an antioxidant to slow oxidation.", "summaryZh": "即维生素 C。在包装食品中也可作为抗氧化剂，帮助减缓氧化。", "category": "antioxidant", "sourceName": "U.S. FDA Food Substances", "sourceURL": "https://www.fda.gov/food/food-additives-petitions/food-additive-status-list" }, { "id": "lecithins", "names": [ "lecithin", "lecithins", "soy lecithin", "sunflower lecithin", "e322", "卵磷脂", "大豆卵磷脂" ], "title": "Lecithins (E322)", "titleZh": "卵磷脂（E322）", "summary": "Emulsifiers commonly sourced from soy, sunflower, or egg that help oil and water stay mixed.", "summaryZh": "常来自大豆、葵花籽或鸡蛋的乳化剂，帮助油和水保持混合。", "category": "emulsifier", "sourceName": "U.S. FDA Food Substances", "sourceURL": "https://www.fda.gov/food/food-additives-petitions/food-additive-status-list" }, { "id": "sodium-benzoate", "names": [ "sodium benzoate", "e211", "苯甲酸钠" ], "title": "Sodium benzoate (E211)", "titleZh": "苯甲酸钠（E211）", "summary": "A preservative used mainly in acidic foods and drinks to limit the growth of yeast, mold, and some bacteria.", "summaryZh": "主要用于酸性食品和饮料的防腐剂，可抑制酵母、霉菌和部分细菌生长。", "category": "preservative", "sourceName": "U.S. FDA Food Substances", "sourceURL": "https://www.fda.gov/food/food-additives-petitions/food-additive-status-list" }, { "id": "potassium-sorbate", "names": [ "potassium sorbate", "e202", "山梨酸钾" ], "title": "Potassium sorbate (E202)", "titleZh": "山梨酸钾（E202）", "summary": "A preservative used to inhibit molds and yeasts in products such as cheese, baked goods, and beverages.", "summaryZh": "用于抑制霉菌和酵母，常见于奶酪、烘焙食品和饮料等产品。", "category": "preservative", "sourceName": "U.S. FDA Food Substances", "sourceURL": "https://www.fda.gov/food/food-additives-petitions/food-additive-status-list" }, { "id": "nitrites", "names": [ "sodium nitrite", "potassium nitrite", "e249", "e250", "亚硝酸钠", "亚硝酸钾" ], "title": "Nitrites (E249–E250)", "titleZh": "亚硝酸盐（E249–E250）", "summary": "Curing preservatives used in some meat products to control harmful bacteria and maintain characteristic color.", "summaryZh": "用于部分肉制品腌制，可帮助控制有害细菌并维持特有颜色。", "category": "preservative", "sourceName": "U.S. FDA Food Additives", "sourceURL": "https://www.fda.gov/food/food-ingredients-packaging/food-additives-and-gras-ingredients-information-consumers" }, { "id": "sulfites", "names": [ "sulfite", "sulphite", "sulfur dioxide", "sodium metabisulfite", "e220", "e223", "亚硫酸盐", "二氧化硫" ], "title": "Sulfites (E220–E228)", "titleZh": "亚硫酸盐（E220–E228）", "summary": "Preservatives used in some dried fruit, wine, and processed foods. Sensitive people may need to watch for label declarations.", "summaryZh": "用于部分干果、葡萄酒和加工食品的防腐剂。敏感人群可能需要留意标签声明。", "category": "preservative", "sourceName": "U.S. FDA Food Additives", "sourceURL": "https://www.fda.gov/food/food-additives-petitions/food-additive-status-list" }, { "id": "xanthan-gum", "names": [ "xanthan gum", "e415", "黄原胶" ], "title": "Xanthan gum (E415)", "titleZh": "黄原胶（E415）", "summary": "A thickener and stabilizer produced by fermentation. It helps products maintain texture and consistency.", "summaryZh": "通过发酵生产的增稠剂和稳定剂，帮助食品保持质地和均匀性。", "category": "thickener", "sourceName": "U.S. FDA Food Substances", "sourceURL": "https://www.fda.gov/food/food-additives-petitions/food-additive-status-list" }, { "id": "guar-gum", "names": [ "guar gum", "e412", "瓜尔胶" ], "title": "Guar gum (E412)", "titleZh": "瓜尔胶（E412）", "summary": "A plant-derived thickener made from guar beans and used to improve texture.", "summaryZh": "来自瓜尔豆的植物性增稠剂，用于改善食品质地。", "category": "thickener", "sourceName": "U.S. FDA Food Substances", "sourceURL": "https://www.fda.gov/food/food-additives-petitions/food-additive-status-list" }, { "id": "carrageenan", "names": [ "carrageenan", "e407", "卡拉胶" ], "title": "Carrageenan (E407)", "titleZh": "卡拉胶（E407）", "summary": "A seaweed-derived ingredient used to thicken, stabilize, or gel foods.", "summaryZh": "来自海藻的食品配料，用于增稠、稳定或形成凝胶。", "category": "stabilizer", "sourceName": "U.S. FDA Food Substances", "sourceURL": "https://www.fda.gov/food/food-additives-petitions/food-additive-status-list" }, { "id": "msg", "names": [ "monosodium glutamate", "msg", "e621", "谷氨酸钠", "味精" ], "title": "Monosodium glutamate (MSG)", "titleZh": "谷氨酸钠（味精）", "summary": "The sodium salt of glutamic acid, used as a flavor enhancer. FDA considers added MSG generally recognized as safe.", "summaryZh": "谷氨酸的钠盐，用作增味剂。美国 FDA 将添加的味精认定为通常安全。", "category": "flavor enhancer", "sourceName": "U.S. FDA Questions and Answers on MSG", "sourceURL": "https://www.fda.gov/food/food-additives-petitions/questions-and-answers-monosodium-glutamate-msg" }, { "id": "aspartame", "names": [ "aspartame", "e951", "阿斯巴甜" ], "title": "Aspartame (E951)", "titleZh": "阿斯巴甜（E951）", "summary": "A high-intensity sweetener. Products containing it must carry information for people with phenylketonuria in relevant markets.", "summaryZh": "一种高倍甜味剂。相关市场要求含有它的产品向苯丙酮尿症人群提供提示。", "category": "sweetener", "sourceName": "U.S. FDA Aspartame", "sourceURL": "https://www.fda.gov/food/food-additives-petitions/aspartame-and-other-sweeteners-food" }, { "id": "sucralose", "names": [ "sucralose", "e955", "三氯蔗糖", "蔗糖素" ], "title": "Sucralose (E955)", "titleZh": "三氯蔗糖（E955）", "summary": "A high-intensity sweetener used in foods and drinks, often in very small quantities.", "summaryZh": "用于食品和饮料的高倍甜味剂，通常使用量很小。", "category": "sweetener", "sourceName": "U.S. FDA Sweeteners", "sourceURL": "https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/how-sweet-it-all-about-sugar-substitutes" }, { "id": "acesulfame-k", "names": [ "acesulfame potassium", "acesulfame k", "ace-k", "e950", "安赛蜜", "乙酰磺胺酸钾" ], "title": "Acesulfame potassium (E950)", "titleZh": "安赛蜜（E950）", "summary": "A high-intensity sweetener frequently blended with other sweeteners.", "summaryZh": "一种高倍甜味剂，经常与其他甜味剂混合使用。", "category": "sweetener", "sourceName": "U.S. FDA Sweeteners", "sourceURL": "https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/how-sweet-it-all-about-sugar-substitutes" }, { "id": "tartrazine", "names": [ "tartrazine", "yellow 5", "e102", "柠檬黄" ], "title": "Tartrazine / Yellow 5 (E102)", "titleZh": "柠檬黄 / 黄色 5 号（E102）", "summary": "A certified synthetic yellow color additive. Naming requirements differ by market.", "summaryZh": "一种经认证的合成黄色着色剂，不同市场的标签命名要求有所不同。", "category": "color", "sourceName": "U.S. FDA Color Additives", "sourceURL": "https://www.fda.gov/industry/color-additives/color-additive-inventories" }, { "id": "allura-red", "names": [ "allura red", "red 40", "fd&c red no. 40", "e129", "诱惑红", "红色40号" ], "title": "Allura Red / Red 40 (E129)", "titleZh": "诱惑红 / 红色 40 号（E129）", "summary": "A certified synthetic red color additive used in some foods and beverages.", "summaryZh": "一种经认证的合成红色着色剂，用于部分食品和饮料。", "category": "color", "sourceName": "U.S. FDA Color Additives", "sourceURL": "https://www.fda.gov/industry/color-additives/color-additive-inventories" }, { "id": "titanium-dioxide", "names": [ "titanium dioxide", "e171", "二氧化钛" ], "title": "Titanium dioxide (E171)", "titleZh": "二氧化钛（E171）", "summary": "A white color additive. Authorization differs across jurisdictions, so check local regulatory information.", "summaryZh": "一种白色着色剂。不同司法辖区的许可情况不同，应查阅当地监管信息。", "category": "color", "sourceName": "U.S. FDA Color Additives", "sourceURL": "https://www.fda.gov/industry/color-additives/color-additive-inventories" }, { "id": "bha-bht", "names": [ "bha", "butylated hydroxyanisole", "bht", "butylated hydroxytoluene", "e320", "e321", "丁基羟基茴香醚", "二丁基羟基甲苯" ], "title": "BHA and BHT (E320–E321)", "titleZh": "BHA 与 BHT（E320–E321）", "summary": "Antioxidants used in some fat-containing foods to slow oxidation and rancidity.", "summaryZh": "用于部分含脂肪食品的抗氧化剂，可减缓氧化和酸败。", "category": "antioxidant", "sourceName": "U.S. FDA Food Substances", "sourceURL": "https://www.fda.gov/food/food-additives-petitions/food-additive-status-list" }, { "id": "phosphates", "names": [ "sodium phosphate", "calcium phosphate", "potassium phosphate", "phosphoric acid", "磷酸钠", "磷酸钙", "磷酸钾", "磷酸" ], "title": "Phosphates", "titleZh": "磷酸盐", "summary": "A broad group used for purposes such as acidity control, leavening, moisture retention, and stabilization.", "summaryZh": "一类用途广泛的配料，可用于调节酸度、膨松、保持水分或稳定食品。", "category": "functional additive", "sourceName": "U.S. FDA Food Substances", "sourceURL": "https://www.fda.gov/food/food-additives-petitions/food-additive-status-list" }, { "id": "maltodextrin", "names": [ "maltodextrin", "麦芽糊精" ], "title": "Maltodextrin", "titleZh": "麦芽糊精", "summary": "A carbohydrate made from starch and used as a bulking, texture, or carrier ingredient.", "summaryZh": "由淀粉制成的碳水化合物，可作为填充剂、改善质地或作为载体。", "category": "carbohydrate", "sourceName": "U.S. FDA Food Substances", "sourceURL": "https://www.fda.gov/food/food-additives-petitions/food-additive-status-list" }, { "id": "inulin", "names": [ "inulin", "chicory root fiber", "菊粉", "菊苣根纤维" ], "title": "Inulin", "titleZh": "菊粉", "summary": "A fermentable dietary fiber commonly obtained from chicory root and added for fiber or texture.", "summaryZh": "一种可发酵膳食纤维，常来自菊苣根，用于增加纤维或改善质地。", "category": "fiber", "sourceName": "U.S. FDA Dietary Fiber", "sourceURL": "https://www.fda.gov/food/food-labeling-nutrition/questions-and-answers-dietary-fiber" }, { "id": "palm-oil", "names": [ "palm oil", "palm fat", "palm kernel oil", "棕榈油", "棕榈仁油" ], "title": "Palm oil", "titleZh": "棕榈油", "summary": "A vegetable fat made from oil-palm fruit. Its saturated-fat content and sourcing may matter to some shoppers.", "summaryZh": "来自油棕果实的植物脂肪。部分用户会关注其饱和脂肪含量或原料来源。", "category": "oil", "sourceName": "USDA FoodData Central", "sourceURL": "https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/" }, { "id": "caffeine", "names": [ "caffeine", "咖啡因" ], "title": "Caffeine", "titleZh": "咖啡因", "summary": "A stimulant naturally present in coffee and tea and also added to some drinks and foods.", "summaryZh": "天然存在于咖啡和茶中的兴奋性成分，也会添加到部分饮料和食品中。", "category": "stimulant", "sourceName": "U.S. FDA Caffeine Guidance", "sourceURL": "https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/spilling-beans-how-much-caffeine-too-much" }, { "id": "natural-flavors", "names": [ "natural flavor", "natural flavors", "natural flavour", "natural flavouring", "天然香料", "天然香精" ], "title": "Natural flavors", "titleZh": "天然香料", "summary": "A collective label term for flavoring ingredients derived from specified natural source categories; it does not list every component.", "summaryZh": "用于概括来自规定天然来源类别的风味配料，标签通常不会逐一列出其全部组成。", "category": "flavoring", "sourceName": "U.S. FDA Food Labeling", "sourceURL": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-21/chapter-I/subchapter-B/part-101/subpart-B/section-101.22" } ] }